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Lea las frases que describen cómo pudo haberse sentido o comportado. Por favor marque el número que representa con qué frecuencia se ha sentido de esta manera.

Items (using the same format as above):

1. Me molestaron cosas que usualmente no me molestan
2. No me sentía con ganas de comer; no tenía apetito
3. Me sentía que no podía quitarme de encima la tristeza aún con la ayuda de mi familia
4. Sentía que yo era tan bueno como cualquier otra persona
5. Tenía dificultad en mantener mi mente en lo que hacía
6. Me sentía deprimido
7. Sentía que todo lo que hacía era un esfuerzo
8. Me sentía con esperanza sobre el futuro
9. Pensé que mi vida había sido un fracaso
10. Me sentía con miedo
11. Mi sueño era inquieto
12. Estaba contento
13. Hablé menos de lo usual
14. Me sentí solo
15. La gente no era amistosa
16. Disfruté de la vida
17. Pasé ratos llorando
18. Me sentí triste
19. Sentía que yo no le caía bien (gustaba) a la gente
20. No tenía ganas de hacer nada

Scoring

Score is the sum of the 20 item weights. If more than 4 items are missing, do not score the scale. Range is 0-60, higher score indicating more depression. A score of 16 or greater is considered depressed. Because of scaling problems with items 4 and 8, an 18-item modified version was developed which eliminates those two items.

Characteristics

Tested on 272 Spanish-speaking subjects with arthritis. N=25 for Test-Retest.

Source of Psychometric Data

Stanford Spanish Outcome Measures Study. Results reported in: González V, Stewart A, Ritter P, Lorig K, Translation and validation of arthritis outcome measures into Spanish. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38(10),1995, pp.1429-1446. Psychometrics not reported in this article.

Comments

This is the Spanish translation of the CES-D. The 20-item version was used by National Hispanic Health and Nutrition Survey. The 18-item modified version is preferred. We are no longer using this instrument in cross cultural studies because the norms appear to be different in English and Spanish.

References

González V, Stewart A, Ritter P, Lorig K, Translation and validation of arthritis outcome measures into Spanish. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38(10),1995, pp.1429-1446.

National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1982-1984. Series 1, No. 19. Washington DC, United States Government Printing Office, 1985.

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